Chancas: The formidable rivals of the Incas
Chancas: the formidable rivals of the Incas
When describing to Chancas , until now, no need to differentiate between two ethnic groups with well pronounced features: the Hanan Chancas or later called as "kingdom of Park" war with the Cusco Quechua and, secondly, to Uran Chancas who voluntarily surrendered to the Cusco Quechua so were not destroyed or subjected to forced land transfers (mitmakuna). About Hanan Chankas not important theoretical contributions have been made despite being the remains of villages and epigonal Wari ceramics and their own rudimentary tools, this is an area that should be considered better. The Hanan chancas were a people who inhabited the region in the departments of [[Department of Ayacucho Peru . Said to have originated (pacarina) in the lagoons of Choclococha twinned by "Choclopus" or "chocorvos" colonial and Urcococha , both in the Huancavelica department . Its original territory was situated between the rivers "Ancoyaco" (current Mantaro), Pampas and Pachachaca, tributaries of the Apurimac. When expanded, made the area "Ancoyaco ayllukuna" with its headquarters in "Paucará" and Uran Chancas of Andahuaylas based secondary. developed an autonomous culture and had a variant language of puquina . Its capital was Waman Karpa ("house of hawk "), on the banks of the lagoon
Anori, 35 km of Andahuaylas on the banks of the river Pampas. The initiator of the expansion of Uscovilca called Chance, and mummy was preserved with veneration in Waman Karpa until the time of the Incas . Source According to several myths were Uscovilca founders (founder of Uran chanca) and Ancovilca (founder of Hananmarca or Hanan Chanka). [ 1 ] The error incurred to date was that Chanka Hanan ethnicity was confounded with the Uran Chankas and that the latter were joined to Pocorosa Pacora or non-existent entity calling a "confederation pocra-chance. "
History
For some archaeologists, chanca society implied a decline, from the urban point of view, compared with culture Huari . Its wider settlement pattern would have been to small villages (about 100 houses). Other scholars believe, however, that the Chanca came to have some great people. The burials are of two types: some in mausoleums and others simply on the ground. There are also burials made in caves or rock shelters. were not rivals of the
Incas as they Sometta peacefully to Cusco Quechua prejudicing their "big brothers" the Chancha Hanan Park or, for that Soras and rucana and clearly people were brave warriors. Were characterized by
farmers . They had the feline deity and used to paint their faces, shouting in the fighting and lead to mummy
his grandparents on their shoulders. The chancas remained cohesive and able to develop a major regional lordship had its heyday during the XIII century . The Chancas in combat Inca According supposed sources that tell about the Culture Chanca, the chances were very bloody Hanan at the time of fighting, when were captured by enemy prisoner of war. We did cruel things to show the enemy that they should not mess with them, they would do things like scalping, or while still alive prisoners tore the skin, head hung so that the blood is concentrated in the upper body and small cuts were made in front of the toes, that's where they began to tear the skin gradually, while the prisoner was screaming in terror. Another way to intimidate the enemy was making cups made from the skulls of prisoners where they drank the blood of the enemy. Apogee The peak expansion of Chance occurred between 1200
and
1438 . In the past year were submitted by the
Sapa Inca
Pachacútec after a tough battle in the city of Cusco risked being captured by the apurimeños . According to some traditions Incas , the Uran chancas have been conquered much earlier circa 1230 when The Sapa Inca Mayta Capac and military crossed the Apurimac River, formerly called Capac Mayu ("main river"), by wonderful bridge pendant. The Inca Garcilaso de la Vega ( 1605 ) attributed to Capac Yupanqui a similar feat a hundred years later. However, the most heavily researched version sets its defeat and subsequent submission by the army commanded by Inca Pachacutec Cusco Site was in 1438 the alleged leader Hanan chanca "Anccu Hualloc" so the people are mythologizes or Ancoyaco ayllus "(also called Anco Huayllu or Hancoallo) brought 40,000 men of war and began the conquest of Cusco. Advanced victoriously to surround the city. The Inca Viracocha, and many characters of the nobility fled towards the Collasuyo and despair ensued until a prince
Cusi Yupanqui
(later proclaimed Pachacutec) bravely led the resistance. While I could gather allies, offered peace to the besiegers, but they refused. A bloody battle was fought in Yawarpampa ( field blood "), won by providentially Cusco by the timely arrival of friendly forces. This hard-fought victory has become legend in the story that includes the reporter Indian Joan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti Yampa Salcamaygua ( 1613 ) states that the battle would be lost if the soldiers came to life miraculously pururaucas stone, stones disguised as soldiers to deceive Chancas. According to the victors, were killed and 8,000 Yawarpampa chancas 22,000 Cusco. Anccu Hualloc was wounded and captured. The Hanan chancas were persecuted to Antahualla (Apurimac). defense leader took office in Cusco than sovereign and founded a new dynasty. According to Royal Commentaries of the Incas of Garcilaso de la Vega, Inca old fugitive was Yawar Huacac and the prince who assumed the defense of Cuzco, his son Topa Hatun, named after Viracocha . According
Juan de Betanzos
( 1551 ), the fugitive was the old Inca Viracocha and not just him but his successor (and brother of Cusi Yupanqui) Inca Urco , fled from its responsibility El Salvador being the prince Cusi Yupanqui , later called Pachacútec . This is the most accepted version, which coincides with the chronicle of Miguel Cabello de Balboa ( 1583 ) and the most refined chronologies. Other reviews, including that of Bernabé Cobo ( 1653 ). Mention a second offense occurred shortly after chancas also led Huayco Anccu against Pachacutec. The imprisoned leader not only managed to escape, brought 8,000 fighters in Challcumarca and Suramarca Chancas and war resumed, this time to regain the lost territories. Finding himself outnumbered forces, chose to escape towards jungle "a region of large gaps", and lakes, following the Urubamba River. Organization In any case, Andahuaylas Chankas were close relatives of the other tribes inhabiting the province of Ayacucho, and as a nation were strengthened after the decline of the expansion Huari . According to Sarmiento de Gamboa, the territory Chanca was divided into three installments, known as Hanan chanca (Parkes, Ayllus of Ancoyaco), urin chanca (Uranmarca, Andahuaylas) and villca or Rukan (Vilcas). Chanka nation would have been built by the tribes of Ancoyaco, Andahuaylas, rucana and soras.
geographic relations According to the Indian, the rucana were divided into three installments, hanan rucana, hurin rucana and rucana Andamarca. For the anthropologist Victor Navarro del Aguila, rucana comes rukak or lukak, ie shipper, carrier, and the tribute he gave the province at the time of the Inca empire was precisely to be porters of the royal litter. They wore a distinctive white and red in the head.
The third important province of the Chanca was that of the Soras, whose house was the Aymara language. The Soras were divided into three installments, hanan Soras, hurin soras and Chalco. They worshiped a snowy mountain called Carhuarazo, but were subject to constant wars Chancas kept with them. Economy The Chancas Uran economy was largely based on farming. They grew various plants of the Andes, for various ecological, to what amounted to the raising and grazing llamas, vicuna, alpaca, guanacos, in herds of considerable size, which were managed from towns with special facilities to control and feed in both wool and meat provided. Ceramics
is generally flat, rough surface and sometimes a very diluido.La red slip decoration in relief, with application buttons or clay figurines, supplemented with incised or stamped circular. The forms are very open dishes and jugs with narrow necks, faces sometimes show very crudely made.
The land was located Culture Chanka, was an ideal location from which dominated the territory and could quite easily develop defensive actions, and that location is in relation to immediate water sources, the advantage to maximize the resources offered by the earth, and that the presence of various ecological zones which allowed the variety of resources that could be counted in terms of growing crops and raising animals. Flag Damian says: "All towns in between high and low earth cooler than hot, at heights and slopes because of the rains, which enjoyed both ends of the cold earth, to feed domestic cattle, those who have and hunt the wild, and hot, for sires, at the time. The people are not over water and land under the site and many of them could not live more than ten Indians who live, for lack of water and earth. " (D. Banner 1557). Damian himself informs us that among these people had three offices of importance: - The potters or potters. - The silversmiths and metal workers. and - The carpenters These trades come last to the times of the colony.
Remains
His remains most impressive is "Inca raqay" studied by Martha Anders, on the banks of Mantaro north of Huanta, the Uran Chancas Sondor highlight the strength of the Centre Curamba Metallurgical, and the Inti Huatana in Uranmarca, strategically located in the most beautiful parts of the province of
Andahuaylas
. Also in every district there are a variety of remains which are the legacy of the Wari culture Pacora Chanka and Inka. However there information about their history
warrior and their leaders, the remains
archaeological
identified as chancas not allow for an accurate profile of the life and customs of this people. Both Huamancarpa (about Andahuaylas ) as Carahuasi and Rumihuasi (about Abancay ), still require further investigation. References ↑ Purizaga Vega, Medardo. "THE Pocra chiefdom." The Pocras and Inca Empire. 1967. pp. 34. ISBN . " Betanzoz Uscovilca talks, who for most of the chroniclers was the founder of the nation in its bias Hanan Chanca ."
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